Which formula is used to calculate impedance?

The correct formula for calculating impedance is based on the relationship between resistance (R) and reactance (X), including both inductive (Xl) and capacitive (Xc) components. Impedance is a complex quantity that combines these two elements. In alternating current (AC) circuits, impedance is represented mathematically as a vector in a complex plane.

The formula uses the Pythagorean theorem to express the total impedance (Z) in terms of resistance and the net reactance (the difference between inductive and capacitive reactance). Specifically, the real part represents the resistive component (R), while the imaginary part combines the effects of inductive and capacitive reactance. By employing the formula Z = √(R² + (Xl - Xc)²), we effectively take into account both R and the net reactance to provide a comprehensive picture of the circuit's behavior under AC conditions.

Using this formula allows us to accurately calculate the total impedance, which is crucial for understanding how the circuit will respond to AC signals.